- [Open Agent Passport (OAP): Deterministic Pre-Action Authorization for Autonomous AI Agents](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20953) — March 2026 open specification and reference implementation that intercepts tool calls synchronously before execution, evaluates them against a declarative policy, and produces a cryptographically signed audit record. Enforces authorization in a median of 53ms; in a live adversarial testbed ($5,000 bounty), restrictive OAP policy achieved 0% attack success vs. 74.6% under permissive policies. Distinguishes pre-action authorization from sandboxed execution and model-based screening as complementary but distinct harness layers.